common.pageHeaderLogo.altText673faad2d6c59

Artykuły

Nr 2(13) (2017): Socjologia w realnym socjalizmie

Neoliberalism and Civil Society: Swedish Exceptionalism in a Comparative Perspective – On the Conceptual and Real History of Civil Society

  • Sven Eliaeson
Przesłane
23 May 2020
Opublikowane
01-11-2017

Abstrakt

Social science is a battlefield for the formation of concepts. The Swedish case is particular. “Civil society” re-entered the scene as a neoliberal and social-conservative reaction against the social-democratic ideology of the “strong state,” in which the state and society were conceived to be almost synonymous. The Swedish revival of an old concept is in obvious contrast with the concept’s reception east of the Elbe in recent decades, where “civil society” has often been used as a label for grass roots social movements, which are independent of the state and the nomenklatura, in malfunctioning regimes with low legitimacy and poor output. This idea is lacking in the Swedish case, where we find a characteristic merger between the “top-down” and “bottom-up” perspectives. “Real, existing” civil society in Sweden has a long history. Self-organised initiatives sought support from the state and often received it – in some cases creating institutions that grew into state agencies. Forestry, electrification, and early social insurance provide examples of the interplay between the state, the market, and society. Swedish civil society has deep roots in history, going back at least to late medieval days. Civil society was a formative element in the design of the relatively successful “Swedish model” through social engineering and piecemeal reforms during the period from the 1930s to the late 1960s.

Bibliografia

  1. Alexander J., ed. 1998. Real Civil Societies: Dilemmas of Institutionalization, Sage.
  2. Andersson I., Weibull J. 1988. Swedish History in Brief, Swedish Institute.
  3. Berggren H., Trägårdh L. 2014 [2006]. Är svensken människa? Gemenskap och oberoende i det moderna Sverige [Are Swedes Human Beings?], Norstedts.
  4. Björk R. 1996. “Social Change, Scholarship, and Gunnar Myrdal: Reflections on the 1920s,” [in:] Societies Made Up of History: Essays in Historiography, Intellectual History, Professionalisation, Historical Social Theory & Protoindustrialisation – Festshrift to Rolf Torstendahl, ed. R. Björk, K. Molin, Akademitryck B, pp. 87–110.
  5. Britten Austin P. 1968. On Being Swedish: Reflections towards a Better Understanding of the Swedish Character, University of Miami Press.
  6. Broberg G., Roll-Hansen N., eds. 1997. Eugenics and the Welfare State: Sterilization Policy in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Finland, Michigan State University Press.
  7. Chambers S., Kymlicka W., eds. 2002. Alternative Conceptions of Civil Society, Princeton University Press.
  8. Childs M. 1936. Sweden: The Middle Way, Yale University Press.
  9. Cochrane A., Clarke J., Gewirtz S., eds. 2001. Comparing Welfare States, 2nd ed., Sage.
  10. Cohen J., Arato A. 1994. Civil Society and Political Theory, MIT Press.
  11. Dahl G. 1994. “The Swedish Model and the Conservative Revolution: Response to von Kreitor,” TELOS, vol. 100, pp. 134–142.
  12. Eliaeson S. 2000. “Axel Hägerström and Modern Social Thought,” NORDEUROPAforum, vol. 1, pp. 19–30.
  13. Eliaeson S. 2006a. “Gunnar Myrdal as a Weberian Public Intellectual,” [in:] Das Faszinosum Max Weber: Die Geschichte seiner Geltung, eds. K.-L. Ay, K. Borchardt, Das Faszinosum Max Weber. Die Geschichte seiner Geltung, Universitätsverlag Konstanz, pp. 283–300.
  14. Eliaeson S., ed. 2006b. Building Democracy and Civil Society East of the Elbe: Essays in Honour of Edmund Mokrz ycki, Routledge.
  15. Eliaeson S. 2008. “Gunnar Myrdal’s Failure as Sweden’s ‘Grumpy Old Man’: Rereading Hur Styrs Landet? Del 1. (How Is the Country Ruled? Part 1),” [in:] Academics as Public Intellectuals, eds. S. Eliaeson, R. Kalleberg, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 131–152.
  16. Eliaeson S., Lödén H., eds. 2002. Nordisk Säkerhetspolitik inför Nya Utmaningar, Carlssons.
  17. Eriksson B. 1988. Samhällsvetenskapens uppkomst [The Birth of Social Science], Hallgren & Fallgren.
  18. Eriksson B. 1993. “The First Formulation of Sociology: A Discursive Innovation of the 18th Century,” Archives Européennes de Sociologie, vol. 34(2), pp. 251–276.
  19. Esping-Andersen G. 1990. Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Polity Press.
  20. Eyerman R. 1985. “Rationalizing Intellectuals,” Theory and Society, vol. 14, pp. 77–108.
  21. Ferguson A. 2004 [1767]. An Essay on the History of Civil Society, Kessinger.
  22. Flora P., ed. 1986. Growth to Limits: The West European Welfare States since World War II, 5 vols, Walter de Gruyter.
  23. Fromm E. 1941. Escape from Freedom, Farrar & Reinhart.
  24. Fukuyama F. 1995. Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity, Free Press.
  25. Gawin D., Gliński P., eds. 2006. Civil Society in the Making, IFiS Publishers.
  26. Geremek B. 1991. “Die Civil Society gegen den Kommunismus: Polens Botschaft,” [in:] Europa und die Civil Society, ed. K. Michalski, Klett-Cotta, pp. 264–273.
  27. Greenfeld L. 1993. Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity, Harvard University Press.
  28. Götz N. 2001. Ungleiche Geschwister: Die Konstruktion von nationalsozialistischer Volksgemeinschaft und schwedischem Volksheim, Nomos.
  29. Hallenberg M. 2001. Kungen, Fogdarna och Riket: lokalförvaltning och statsbyggande under tidig Medeltid, Brutus Östlings bokförlag Symposium.
  30. Hasselberg Y. 1998. Den sociala ekonomin. Familjen Clason och Furudal’s bruk 1804–1856 [The Embedded Economy: The Clason Family and Furudal Ironworks 1804–1856], Uppsala Universitet.
  31. Huntford R. 1972. The New Totalitarians, Allen Lane.
  32. Johansson A.W., ed. 2001. Vad är Sverige? [What Is Sweden?], Prisma.
  33. Kaelble H. 2006. “Civil Society: The Concept and the European Level,” [in:] Building Democracy and Civil Society East of the Elbe: Essays in Honour of Edmund Mokrz ycki, ed. S. Eliaeson, Routledge, pp. 360–365.
  34. Kettunen P., Eskola H., eds. 1997. Models, Modernity and the Myrdals, The Renvall Institute for Area and Cultural StudiesKirby D. 1990. Northern Europe in the Early Modern Period: The Baltic World 1492–1772, Longman.
  35. Kocka J. 1997. “The Difficult Rise of a Civil Society: Societal History of Modern Germany,” [in:] German History since 1800, ed. M. Fulbrook, Arnold, pp. 493–511.
  36. Kocka J., Nolte P., Randeria S., Reichardt S. 2001. “Neues über Zivilgesellschaft aus historisch-sozialwissenschaftlichem Blickwinkel,” WZB Discussion Paper, No. P 01-801.
  37. Kohn M.L. 2003. Radical Space: Building the House of the People, Cornell University Press.
  38. Kornhauser W. 1959. The Politics of Mass Society, Free Press.
  39. Kreitor N.-K. von. 1994a. “The ‘Conservative Revolution’ in Sweden,” TELOS, vol. 98–99, pp. 249–254.
  40. Kreitor N.-K. von. 1994b. “The Political Idea of the People’s Home: Reply to Goran Dahl,” TELOS, vol. 100, pp. 143–156.
  41. Lane R.E. 1972. Political Man, Free Press.
  42. Lane J.-E., ed. 1990. Understanding the Swedish Model, Frank Cass. [Most contributions also available in: West European Politics, vol. 14(3), 1991.]
  43. Lindblom C. 1977. Politics and Markets: The World’s Political Economic Systems, Basic Books.
  44. Lindegren J. 1985. “The Swedish ‘Military State,’ 1560–1720,” Scandinavian Journal of History, vol. 10(4), pp. 305–336.
  45. Lönnroth E. 1934. Sverige och Kalmarunionen 1397–1457. [Doctoral thesis from University of Gothenburg.]
  46. Lyon E.S. 2001. “Education for Modernity: The Impact of American Social Science on Alva and Gunnar Myrdal and the ‘Swedish Model’ of School Reform,” International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, vol. 14(3), pp. 513–537.
  47. Metcalf M. 1987. “Parliamentary Sovereignty and Royal Reaction, 1719–1809,” [in:] The Riksdag: A History of the Swedish Parliament, ed. M.F. Metcalf, Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation, pp. 109–164.
  48. Michalski K., ed. 1991. Europa und die Civil Society, Klett-Cotta.
  49. Myrdal G. 1982. Hur styrs Landet? Del I [How I s T he C ountry G overned, Part I], Rabén & Sjögren.
  50. Myrdal G. 2005. The Essential Gunnar Myrdal, eds. Ö. Appelqvist, S. Andersson, The New Press. [Selections from Vägvisare, Norstedts, 1998.]
  51. Offe C. 2004. Selbstbetrachtung aus der Ferne. Tocqueville, Weber und Adorno in den Vereinigten Staaten, Suhrkamp.
  52. Olson Jr M. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups, Harvard University Press.
  53. Olson Jr M. 1982. The Rise and Decline of Nations, Yale University Press.
  54. Olsson S.E. 1990. Social Policy and Welfare State in Sweden, Arkiv. [3rd enlarged ed. under the name Sven Hort, 2 vols, 2014.]
  55. Österberg E. 1991. Mentalities and Other Realities: Essays in Medieval and Early Modern Scandinavian History, Lund Studies in International History.
  56. Petersson O. 1991. “Democracy and Power in Sweden,” Scandinavian Political Studies, vol. 14(2), pp. 173–191.
  57. Popenoe D. 1991. “Family Decline in the Swedish Welfare State,” Public Interest, vol. 102, pp. 65–77.
  58. Putnam R. 1993 Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton University Press.
  59. Putnam R. 2000. Bowling Alone, Simon & Schuster.
  60. Ringen S. 2005. Citizens, Families and Reform, 2nd ed., Transaction Publishers.
  61. Roberts M. 1986. The Age of Liberty: Sweden 1719–1772, Cambridge University Press.
  62. Rothstein B. 1998. Just Institutions Matter: The Moral and Political Logic of the Universal Welfare State, Cambridge University Press.
  63. Sandel M. Democracy’s Discontent, Belknap.
  64. Schmidt H. 2004. “Erweitern? Erst braucht Europa einen Kern,” Die Zeit, no. 39, 16.09.2004, p. 23.
  65. Shils E. 1991. “Was ist eine Civil Society?,” [in:] Europa und die Civil Society, ed. K. Michalski, Klett-Cotta, pp. 13–51.
  66. Tenbruck F.H. 1987. “Max Weber and Eduard Meyer,” [in:] Max Weber and his Contemporaries, eds. W.J. Mommsen, J. Osterhammel, Unwin Hyman, pp. 234–267.
  67. Titmuss R. 1962. Income Distribution and Social Change: A Study in Criticism, Allen & Unwin.
  68. Trägårdh L. 1999. “Det civila samhället som analytiskt begrepp och politisk slogan,” Civilsamhället, vol. 84, pp. 13–53.
  69. Turner S. 2006. “Was ‘Real Existing Socialism’ Merely a Premature Form of Rule by Experts?,” [in:] Building Democracy and Civil Society East of the Elbe: Essays in Honour of Edmund Mokrz ycki, ed. S. Eliaeson, Routledge, pp. 248–261.
  70. Vasara-Hammare N. 2002. “Sametinget i Sverige – parlament eller myndighet?” [The Sametinget in Sweden – Parliament or State Agency?], Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift, vol. 105(2), pp. 158–165.
  71. Weber M. 1906. “‘Kirchen’ und ‘Sekten’ in Nordamerika,” Christliche Welt, vol. 20(24), pp. 558–562; vol. 20(25), pp. 577–583.
  72. Wittrock B. 2004. “The Making of Sweden,” Thesis Eleven, vol. 77, pp. 45–63.
  73. Wolfe A. 1989. Whose Keeper? Social Science and Moral Obligation, University of California Press.
  74. Zetterberg H. 1995. “Civila samhället, demokratin och välfärdsstaten” [Civil Society, Democracy, and the Welfare State], [in:] Civil samhälle kontra offentlig sector, ed. L. Trägårdh, SNS Förlag, pp. 62–93.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Podobne artykuły

1-10 z 144

Możesz również Rozpocznij zaawansowane wyszukiwanie podobieństw dla tego artykułu.