common.pageHeaderLogo.altText6742d692bb529

Artykuły

Nr 2(21) (2021): Socjologia historyczna

From Medicine to Poison: Discursive Shifts in Nineteenth-Century Opium Advertisements in Small Town Newsprint in the United States

Przesłane
4 January 2022
Opublikowane
01-11-2021

Abstrakt

Before sweeping legal changes in the United States in the early twentieth century, opium and other psychoactive substances were publicly available and advertised in various media. This article analyses rhetoric relating to opium and opiate products in advertisements through the dynamic consideration of available newsprint advertising and adjacent news stories from a single community and geographic area, Sandusky, Ohio, between 1825 and 1909. The results illustrate non-linear trajectories for opium-based patent medicines from banal to heroic, to useful negation, to poison. The findings include deceptive ads fashioned to look like tragic news stories, non-opiate patent medicines, and local sanitaria promoting liquor and opium cures. This research illustrates the systematic use of print advertising content for micro-historical social analysis within a local context, providing depth to an otherwise forgotten social phenomenon.

Bibliografia

  1. “4th of July at Sandusky.” 1849. Daily Sanduskian, 5 July, p. 2. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 15.10.2020.
  2. Alexander J.K., Karns J. 2008. The Mantra of Efficiency: From Waterwheel to Social Control, JHU Press.
  3. “An Overdose.” 1901. Sandusky Daily Register, 22 November, p. 5. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 28.10.2020.
  4. Aurin M. 2000. “Chasing the Dragon: The Cultural Metamorphosis of Opium in the United States, 1825–1935,” Medical Anthropology Quarterly, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 414–441.
  5. Baker P.M. 2014. Patent Medicine: Cures & Quacks, Pilgrim Society & Pilgrim Hall Museum.
  6. Barthes R. 1977. Image, Music, Text, transl. S. Heath, Macmillan.
  7. Baudrillard J. 1975. The Mirror of Production, transl. M. Poster, Telos Press St. Louis.
  8. Baughman A.J. 1909. History of Huron County, Ohio: Its Progress and Development, with Biographical Sketches of Prominent Citizens of the County, SJ Clarke Publishing Company.
  9. Bause G.S. 2010. “‘Prize-Bearing’ Salicylates of Athlophoros,” Anesthesiology: The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, vol. 112, no. 5, p. 1210.
  10. Bause G.S. 2012. “Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup,” Anesthesiolog y: The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, vol. 116, no. 1, p. 8.
  11. Booth M. 2013. Opium: A History, St. Martin’s Griffin.
  12. Boyle E.W. 2013. Quack Medicine: A History of Combating Health Fraud in Twentieth-Century America, ABC-CLIO.
  13. “Brandreth’s Pills.” 1847. Sandusky Clarion, 24 August, p. 2. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 10.03.2022.
  14. Brown R.D. 2003. “Microhistory and the Post-Modern Challenge,” Journal of the Early Republic, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1–20.
  15. Burns A. 2018. “Media Portrayal of Opioid Overdoses as Suicide in America in the 19th Century” [Unpublished Work], Louisiana State University, History Graduate Student Association Conference. https://tinyurl.com/24574htz; accessed 1.04.2018.
  16. “Castoria.” 1872. Sandusky Daily Register, 20 June, p. 4. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 8.02.2020.
  17. “Castoria.” 1880. Sandusky Daily Register, 5 February, p. 3. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 12.10.2020.
  18. “Castoria.” 1889. Sandusky Daily Register, 3 June, p. 4. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 12.10.2020.
  19. “Castoria Drops.” 1904. Sandusky Evening Star, 19 April, p. 5. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 20.10.2020.
  20. “Cholera.” 1848. Sandusky Clarion, 25 April, p. 3. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 14.10.2020.
  21. “Cholera in Sandusky.” 1849. Daily Sanduskian, 23 July, p. 2. https:// www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 18.10.2020.
  22. Cirillo V. 2008. “Two Faces of Death: Fatalities from Disease and Combat in America’s Principal Wars, 1775 to Present,” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 121–133.
  23. Clarke S. 1990. “New Utopias for Old: Fordist Dreams and Post-Fordist Fantasies,” Capital & Class, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 131–155.
  24. “The Composition of Certain Secret Remedies.” 1912. British Medical Journal, 23 March, p. 683.
  25. Conrad P., Schneider J. 2010. Deviance and Medicalization: From Badness to Sickness, Temple University Press.
  26. Courtwright D.T. 1978. “Opiate Addiction as a Consequence of the Civil War,” Civil War History, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 101–111.
  27. Courtwright D.T. 2001. Dark Paradise: A History of Opiate Addiction in America, Harvard University Press.
  28. Courtwright D.T. 2009. Forces of Habit: Drugs and the Making of the Modern World, Harvard University Press.
  29. Crosby H. 1881. Moderation vs. Total Abstinence: Or, Dr. Crosby and His Reviewers, National Temperance Society and Publication House.
  30. “C.S. Burdsal & Co., Druggists.” 1848. Sandusky Clarion, 13 November, p. 3. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 19.10.2020.
  31. Daly W.J. 2008. “The Black Cholera Comes to the Central Valley of America in the 19th century – 1832, 1849, and Later,” Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, vol. 119, pp. 143–153.
  32. DeLanda M. 2000. A Thousand Years of Nonlinear History, Zone Books.
  33. Deleuze G., Guattari F. 1987. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, transl. B. Massumi, Bloomsbury Publishing.
  34. De Quincey T. 2013. Confessions of an English Opium-Eater and Other Writings, Oxford University Press.
  35. Derrida J. 1981. Dissemination, transl. B. Johnson, University of Chicago Press.
  36. Dickens C. 1842. American Notes for General Circulation, Harper.
  37. “Distress in Chicago.” 1885. Sandusky Daily Register, 23 March, p. 1. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 10.03.2022.
  38. “Dr. E. Gillard’s Electro-Medical and Surgical Sanitarium.” 1884. Sandusky Daily Register, January 1, p. 3. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 21.10.2020.
  39. “Dr. Haines Golden Specific.” 1891. Sandusky Daily Register, 19 February, p. 2. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 18.10.2020.
  40. “Drugs and Medicines.” 1824. Sandusky Clarion, 26 May, p. 3. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 16.10.2020.
  41. Downs J.M. 1968. “American Merchants and the China Opium Trade, 1800–1840,” The Business History Review, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 418–442.
  42. Ebert A., Hiss A.E. 1896. The Standard Formulary; a Collection of Nearly Five Thousand Formulas, G. P. Engelhard & Company.
  43. “Editors of the Register.” 1860. Sandusky Daily Commercial Register, 10 August, p. 1. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 12.10.2020.
  44. Erikson K. 1966. Wayward Puritans, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  45. Estes J.W. 1988. “The Pharmacology of Nineteenth-Century Patent Medicines,” Pharmacy in History, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 3–18.
  46. Fisher M. 2009. Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative?, John Hunt Publishing.
  47. Foucault M. 1978. The History of Sexuality, transl. R. Hurley, Pantheon.
  48. Foucault M. 2003. The Birth of the Clinic, transl. A. Sheridan, Routledge.
  49. Frank L., Nagel S. 2017. “Addiction and Moralization: The Role of the Underlying Model of Addiction,” Neuroethics, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 129–139.
  50. “The Giant of Medicines.” 1886. Sandusky Daily Register, 15 December, p. 3. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 13.10.2020.
  51. Gilchrist M. 1998. “Disease & Infection in the American Civil War,” The American Biolog y Teacher, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 258–262.
  52. Gill R. 2000. “Discourse Analysis,” [in:] Qualitative Researching with Text, Image and Sound, eds. P. Atkinson, M. Bauer, G. Gaskell, Sage, pp. 172–190.
  53. “Graham’s Drug Store.” 1849. Daily Sanduskian, 5 July, p. 2. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 15.10.2020.
  54. Griffenhagen G.B., Young J.H. 1959. “Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology. Paper 10: Old English Patent Medicines in America,” Bulletin of the United States National Museum, pp. 155–184.
  55. Gusfield J.R. 1986. Symbolic Crusade: Status Politics and the American Temperance Movement, University of Illinois Press.
  56. Hager T. 2019. Ten Drugs: How Plants, Powders, and Pills Have Shaped the History of Medicine, Abrams.
  57. Hall S. 2013. Home Remedies and Quack Cures: Sobering Up – Dr. Haines’ Golden Specific. Digging History. https://digging-history.com/2013/11/23/home-remedies-and-quack-cures-sobering-up-dr-haines-golden-specific/; accessed 10.01.2020.
  58. Hiatt S.R., Sine W.D., Tolbert P.S. 2009. “From Pabst to Pepsi: The Deinstitutionalization of Social Practices and the Creation of Entrepreneurial Opportunities,” Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 635–667
  59. Hodges A. 2015. “Intertextuality in Discourse,” [in:] The Handbook of Discourse Analysis, eds. D. Tannen, H. Hamilton, D. Schiffrin, Wiley, pp. 42–60.
  60. Horrocks T. 2008. “Health Advice with an Agenda,” Pharmacy in History, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 17–22.
  61. “Is Lizzie Bordon Insane?” 1892. Sandusky Daily Register, 1 December, p. 1. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 18.10.2020.
  62. “Japan.” 1848. Sandusky Clarion, 18 January, p. 4. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 14.10.2020.
  63. Jordan T.E. 1987. “The Keys of Paradise: Godfrey’s Cordial and Children in Victorian Britain,” Journal of the Royal Society of Health, vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 19–22.
  64. Kane H.H. 1881. Drugs That Enslave: The Opium, Morphine, Chloral and Hashisch Habits, P. Blakiston’s Sons & Co.
  65. Kunyk D., Milner M., Overend A. 2016. “Disciplining Virtue: Investigating the Discourses of Opioid Addiction in Nursing,” Nursing Inquiry, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 315–326.
  66. “Lately Imported and to Be Sold.” 1740. Pennsylvania Gazette, 18 September, p. 4. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.libezp.lib.lsu.edu/apps/readex; accessed 10.03.2022.
  67. Levinthal C.F. 1985. “Milk of Paradise/Milk of Hell – The History of Ideas about Opium,” Perspectives in Biolog y and Medicine, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 561–577.
  68. “Liquor and Opium Cure.” 1892. Sandusky Daily Register, 24 November, p. 4. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 28.10.2020.
  69. “Lockwood Drug Store.” 1843. Sandusky Clarion, 24 June, p. 1. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 13.10.2020.
  70. “Lower Sandusky Drug Store.” 1832. Sandusky Clarion, 22 August, p. 3. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 13.10.2020.
  71. Marshall M.L. 1942. “Medicine in the Confederacy,” Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 279–299.
  72. “McCulloch & Thorpe.” 1849. Daily Sanduskian, 11 July, p. 3. https:// www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 14.10.2020.
  73. McNutt W. 1872. “Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup – a Poison,” American Journal of Pharmacy (1835–1907), vol. 44, p. 221–224.
  74. Meyer K. 1997. “The Opium War’s Secret History,” New York Times, June 28, p. 28. nytimesineducation.com/access-nyt; accessed 2.01.2021.
  75. Milligan B. 2005. “Morphine-Addicted Doctors, the English OpiumEater, and Embattled Medical Authority,” Victorian Literature and Culture, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 541–553.
  76. Musto D.F. 1991. “Opium, Cocaine and Marijuana in American History,” Scientific American, vol. 265, no. 1, pp. 40–47.
  77. O’Keeffe A. 2011. “Media and Discourse Analysis,” [in:] The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis, eds. J.P. Gee, M. Handford, Routledge, pp. 441–454.
  78. Oleson C.W. 1903. Secret Nostrums and Systems of Medicine: A Book of Formulas, Oleson.
  79. “On the 14th Inst. a Temperance Society Was Formed.” 1833. Sandusky Clarion, 30 January, p. 3. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 10.12.2020.
  80. “Opium Morphine Habit.” 1884. Sandusky Daily Register, 26 March, p. 2. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 18.10.2020.
  81. Ouriel A. 2018. “Long Live the Cholera Cemetery,” Sandusky Register. https://sanduskyregister.com/news/18089/long-live-the-cholera-cemetery; accessed 24.02.2022.
  82. Quinones S. 2015. Dreamland: The True Tale of America’s Opiate Epidemic, Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
  83. “Ready for Business.” 1892. Sandusky Daily Register, 1 December, p. 4. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 18.10.2020.
  84. Reckner P., Brighton S. 1999. “Free from All Vicious Habits: Archaeological Perspectives on Class Conflict and the Rhetoric of Temperance,” Historical Archaeolog y, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 63–86.
  85. Resor C.W. 2019. Discovering Quacks, Utopias, and Cemeteries: Modern Lessons from Historical Themes, Rowman & Littlefield.
  86. Rimke H., Hunt A. 2002. “From Sinners to Degenerates: The Medicalization of Morality in the 19th Century,” History of the Human Sciences, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 59–88.
  87. Rinella M. 2010. Pharmakon: Plato, Drug Culture, and Identity in Ancient Athens, Lexington Books.
  88. “Sandusky Automobile Company.” 1980. Northwest Ohio Quarterly, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 261–272.
  89. “SARATOGA. The National Temperance Convention Political Fossils Bereavement of Gov. Curtin Herman Gen. Hooker.” 1865. New York Times, 4 August, p. 5. htttps://www-proquest-com.libezp.lib.lsu.edu/hnpnewyorktimes; accessed 1.11.2020.
  90. Siebert W.H. 1896. “Light on the Underground Railroad,” The American Historical Review, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 455–463.
  91. “Sons of Temperance.” 1859. Sandusky Daily Commercial Register, 7 October, p. 3. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 12.10.2020.
  92. Steensma D.P., Kyle R.A. 2017. “Charles Fletcher, The Centaur Company, and Proprietary Medicine Revenue Stamps,” Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol. 92, no. 9, pp. 127–128.
  93. Strongman A. 2017. “Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup: The Baby Killer.” https://museumofhealthcare.blog/mrs-winslows-soothing-syrup-the-baby-killer; accessed 16.10.2020.
  94. T.E.C. Jr. 1981. “Overdosing with Opium, a Serious Pediatric Problem in England a Century and a Half Ago,” Pediatrics, vol. 68, no. 1, p. 1.
  95. “Temperance Speech.” 1852. Sandusky Daily Commercial Register, 31 March, p. 2. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 15.10.2020.
  96. Trickey E. 2018. “Inside the Story of America’s 19th-Century Opiate Addiction,” Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/inside-story-americas-19th-century-opiate-addiction-180967673; accessed 24.02.2022.
  97. Tyrrell I. 1991. Women’s World, Women’s Empire: The Women’s Christian Temperance Union in International Perspective, 1880–1930, University of North Carolina Press.
  98. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 1916. The Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America, Ninth Decennial Revision, P. Blakiston’s Sons & Co.
  99. Waddington I. 1990. “The Movement towards the Professionalization of Medicine,” BMJ: British Medical Journal, vol. 301, no. 6754, p. 688.
  100. “Was Too Far Gone.” 1892. Sandusky Daily Register, 20 December, p. 1. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 28.10.2020.
  101. Wheeler E.G. 1839. “Quack Medicines,” The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal (1828–1851), vol. 20, no. 9, p. 139.
  102. Wertsch J.V., Roediger III H.L. 2008. “Collective Memory: Conceptual Foundations and Theoretical Approaches,” Memory, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 318–326.
  103. “Where Ford First Saw Tractor.” 1919. Michigan Manufacturer & Financial Record, vol. 24, p. 49.
  104. “Will Investigate Death.” 1903. Sandusky Evening Star, 12 March, p. 7. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 20.09.2020.
  105. Williams W.W. 1879. History of the Fire Lands: Comprising Huron and Erie Counties, Ohio, Reproduction by Unigraphic, Evansville, Ind.
  106. “Woman Begged for More Morphine.” 1904. Sandusky Evening Star, 19 April, p. 5. https://www.newspaperarchive.com; accessed 20.10.2020.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Podobne artykuły

1-10 z 176

Możesz również Rozpocznij zaawansowane wyszukiwanie podobieństw dla tego artykułu.