common.pageHeaderLogo.altText6766b26468e34

Artykuły

Nr 2(17) (2019): Nowa kultura prawdy

Cold War (Post-)Truth Regimes: Radio Free Europe between “States of Affairs” and the Epistemology of Hope and Fear

Przesłane
6 December 2020
Opublikowane
01-11-2019

Abstrakt

In accord with recent scholarly appeals, this article advocates a certain intellectual tolerance and modesty in regard to the juxtaposition of conflicting or even supposedly rival approaches to questions of epistemology and truth. By rejecting the idea of a fixed epistemological standpoint and by moving the reader along a multiplicity of frames and truth situations, the author argues that if the post-truth problematic can teach us anything new about truth, it is the necessity to (re-)acknowledge that there is no omniscient position for the scholar and that none of our scholarly approaches taken separately enable us to grasp the totality. Hence, truth is investigated in this article as a variable shaping and being shaped by a highly dynamic and uncertain social reality – a reality that is neither constituted of “hard facts” nor of a “soft relativism” alone. From a consideration of the selected Cold War context and the laboratory-like setting of the American broadcaster Radio Free Europe, it can be concluded that a new media-archaeology of the fact requires not only a revision of our understanding of truth but of agency, rationality, and objectivity as well.

Bibliografia

  1. Anderson B. 2006. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, Verso.
  2. Arendt H. 1958. The Origins of Totalitarianism, Meridian Books.
  3. Arendt H. 2000. “Truth and Politics,” [in:] The Portable Hannah Arendt, ed. P. Baehr, Penguin Books, pp. 545–575.
  4. Arendt H. 2003. Responsibility and Judgement, Schocken Books.
  5. Blackburn S. 2007. “Kehrt die Wahrheit tatsächlich zurück?,” Zeitschrift für Ideengeschichte, vol. 1(3), pp. 5–20, https://doi.org/10.17104/1863-8937-2007-3-5.
  6. Blackburn S. 2018. On Truth, Oxford University Press.
  7. Cassirer E. 1944. An Essay on Man: An Introduction to a Philosophy of Human Culture, Doubleday Anchor Books.
  8. Daston L. 1995. “The Moral Economy of Science,” Osiris, vol. 10, pp. 2–24, https://doi.org/10.1086/368740.
  9. Engell L., Siegert B. 2018. “Editorial,” ZMK. Zeitschrift für Medien- und Kulturforschung: Alternative Fakten, vol. 9(2), pp. 6–13.
  10. Feinberg M. 2017. Curtain of Lies: The Battle over Truth in Stalinist Eastern Europe, Oxford University Press.
  11. Foucault M. 1980a. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977, ed. C. Gordon, Pantheon Books.
  12. Foucault M. 1980b. The Will to Truth, Tavistock.
  13. Foucault M. 1988. Technologies of the Self, University of Massachusetts Press.
  14. Foucault M. 1994. “Du gouvernement des vivants,” [in:] Dits et Écrits, vol. IV, 1980–1988, eds. D. Defert, F. Ewald, J. Lagrange, Gallimard, pp. 125–129.
  15. Foucault M. 1995. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, Vintage Books.
  16. Foucault M. 2000a. “Subject and Power,” [in:] The Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984, vol. 3, transl. R. Hurley, eds. P. Rabinow, J. Faubion, The New Press, pp. 326–348.
  17. Foucault M. 2000b. “Power and Truth,” [in:] The Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984, vol. 3, transl. R. Hurley, eds. P. Rabinow, J. Faubion, The New Press, pp. 111–132.
  18. Foucault M. 2000c. “Governmentality,” [in:] The Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984, vol. 3, transl. R. Hurley, eds. P. Rabinow, J. Faubion, The New Press, pp. 125–129.
  19. Foucault M. 2007. Security, Territory, Population, ed. M. Senellart, Palgrave Macmillan.
  20. Frevert U. 2011. Emotions in History: Lost and Found, Central European University Press.
  21. Geertz C. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures, Basic Books.
  22. Geertz C. 1983. Local Knowledge: Further Essay in Interpretative Anthropology, Basic Books.
  23. Georgiev G. 2019. “Cold War Atmosphere: Distorted Information and Facts in the Case of Free Europe Balloons,” Centaurus: Special Issue: Technology and Information Propagation in a Propaganda War, vol. 61(3), pp. 153–177, https://doi.org/10.1111/1600-0498.12225.
  24. Hall S. 2004. “Culture, the Media and the ‘Ideological Effect,’” [in:] Mass Communication and Society, eds. J. Curran et al., Edward Arnold, pp. 315–348.
  25. Haraway D. 1988. “Situated Knowledge: The Science Question in Feminism as a Site of Discourse on the Privilege of Partial Perspective,” Feminist Studies, vol. 14, pp. 575–599, https://doi.org/10.2307/3178066.
  26. Hosking G. 2014. Trust: A History, Oxford University Press, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198712381.001.0001.
  27. Havel V. 1996 [1979]. “The Power of the Powerless,” [in:] From Stalinism to Pluralism: A Documentary History of Eastern Europe since 1945, ed. G. Stokes, Oxford University Press, pp. 168–174.
  28. Havel V. 2018. “The Power of the Powerless,” transl. P. Wilson, East European Politics and Societies and Cultures, vol. 32(2), pp. 353–408.
  29. Johnson A.R. 2010. Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty: The CIA Years and Beyond, Stanford University Press.
  30. Johnson A.R. 2018. “Curtain of Lies: The Battle over Truth in Stalinist Eastern Europe. By Melissa Feinberg,” Slavic Review, vol. 77(4), pp. 1071–1072, https://doi.org/10.1017/slr.2018.317.
  31. Kind-Kovács F. 2013. “Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty as the ‘Echo Chamber’ of Tamizdat,” [in:] Samizdat, Tamizdat & Beyond, eds. F. Kind-Kovács, J. Labov, Berghahn Books, pp. 72–79.
  32. Kind-Kovács F. 2019. “Talking to Listeners: Clandestine Audiences in the Early Cold War,” Media History, vol. 25(4), pp. 462–478, https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2019.1672526.
  33. Kleeberg B. 2019. “Post Post-Truth: Epistemologies of Disintegration and the Praxeology of Truth,” Stan Rzeczy, vol. 2(17), pp. 25–52, https://doi.org/10.51196/srz.17.2.
  34. Kleeberg B., Suter R. 2014. “‘Doing Truth’. Bausteine einer Praxologie der Wahrheit,” Zeitschrift für Kulturphilosophie, vol. 8(2), 211–226.
  35. Kołakowski L. 1999. Freedom, Fame, Lying and Betrayal: Essays on Everyday Life, Westview Press.
  36. Kołakowski L. 2013. “Totalitarianism and the Virtue of the Lie,” [in:] Is God Happy? Selected Essays, transl. A. Kołakowska, Basic Books, pp. 51–63.
  37. Komaromi A. 2015. Uncensored: Samizdat Novels and the Quest for Autonomy in Soviet Dissidence, Northwestern University Press.
  38. Kracauer S., Berkman P.L. 1956. Satellite Mentality: Political Attitudes and Propaganda Susceptibilities of Non-Communists in Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia, Frederick A. Praeger.
  39. Król M. 2001. “Listening through the Jamming,” The American Scholar, vol. 61(3), pp. 431–435.
  40. Latour B. 1986. “Visualisation and Cognition,” [in:] Knowledge and Society Studies in the Sociology of Culture Past and Present, ed. H. Kuklick, Jai Press, pp. 1–40.
  41. Latour B. 1989. “Clothing the Naked Truth,” [in:] Dismantling Truth: Reality in the Post-Modern World, eds. H. Lawson, L. Appignanesi, Weidenfeld, Nicolson, pp. 101–128.
  42. Latour B. 1993a. “Ethnography of a ‘High-Tech’ Case: About Aramis,” [in:] Technological Choices: Transformations in Material Culture since the Neolithic, ed. P. Lemonnier, Routledge, Kegan Paul, pp. 372–398.
  43. Latour B. 1993b. We Have Never Been Modern, transl. C. Porter, Harvard University Press.
  44. Latour B. 2005. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory, Oxford University Press.
  45. Latour B., Hermant E. 2006 [1998]. Paris: Invisible City, http://www.bruno-latour.fr/node/343, accessed 6.10.2019. [Original French version: B. Latour, E. Hermant, Paris ville invisible, La Découverte-Les Empêcheurs de penser en rond].
  46. Machcewicz P. 2014. Poland’s War on Radio Free Europe, 1950–1989, Woodrow Wilson Center Press, Stanford University Press.
  47. Merton R.K. 1938. “Science and the Social Order,” Philosophy of Science, vol. 5(3), pp. 321–337.
  48. Mikkonen S. 2010. “Stealing the Monopoly of Knowledge? Soviet Reactions to U.S. Cold War Broadcasting,” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, vol. 11(4), pp. 771–805, https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2010.0012.
  49. Nagel T. 1986. The View from Nowhere, Oxford University Press.
  50. Nelson M. 1997. War of the Black Heavens, Brassey’s.
  51. Ophir A., Shapin S. 1991. “The Place of Knowledge: A Methodological Survey,” Science in Context, vol. 4(1), pp. 3–21, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889700000132.
  52. Pestre D. 2012. “Debates in Transnational and Science Studies: A Defence and Illustration of the Virtues of Intellectual Tolerance,” British Journal for the History of Science, vol. 45(3), pp. 425–442, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087412000386.
  53. Proctor R.N. 1991. Value-Free Science? Purity and Power in Modern Knowledge, Harvard University Press.
  54. Rév I. 2010. “Just Noise? Impact of Radio Free Europe in Hungary,” [in:] Cold War Broadcasting: Impact on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, eds. R.A. Johnson, E.R. Parta, Central European University Press, pp. 239–258.
  55. Rév I. 2019. “Neither Objective nor Subjective,” Centaurus: Special Issue: Technology and Information Propagation in a Propaganda War, vol. 61(3), pp. 143–152, https://doi.org/10.1111/1600-0498.12235.
  56. Risso L. 2013. “Radio Wars: Broadcasting in the Cold War,” Cold War History, vol. 13(2), pp. 145–152, https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2012.75 7134.
  57. Roszkowski J. 2009. “Marian,” Tygodnik Przegląd, https://www.tygodnikprzeglad.pl/marian/, accessed 17.07.2020.
  58. Rux M. 1988 [1982]. “Truth, Power, Self: An Interview with Michel Foucault, October 25th, 1982,” [in:] Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault, eds. L.H. Martin, H. Gutman, P.H. Hutton, Tavistock, pp. 9–15.
  59. Secord A.J. 2004. “Knowledge in Transit,” Isis, vol. 95(4), pp. 654–672, https://doi.org/10.1086/430657.
  60. Shapin S. 2010. Never Pure: Historical Studies of Science as if It Was Produced by People with Bodies, Situated in Time, Space, Culture and Society, and Struggling for Credibility and Authority, Johns Hopkins University Press.
  61. Solzhenitsyn A. 1974. The Gulag Archipelago: 1918–1956. An Experiment in Literary Investigation. I–II, transl. T.P. Whitney, Harper & Row.
  62. Spohrer J. 2013. “Threat or Beacon? Recasting International Broadcasting in Europe after World War II,” [in:] Airy Curtains in the European Ether: Broadcasting and the Cold War, eds. A. Badenoch, A. Fickers, C. Henrich-Franke, Nomos, pp. 29–50.
  63. Vogelmann F. 2019. “Should Critique Be Tamed by Realism? A Defense of Radical Critiques of Reason,” Le foucaldien, vol. 5(1), pp. 1–34, https://doi.org/10.16995/lefou.61
  64. Vera and Donald Blinken Open Society Archives (OSA) at the Central European University (CEU), Budapest: RFE/RL photographs, HU OSA 300-1-8, RFE/RL Public Affairs Photographic Files, unprocessed series.
  65. Vera and Donald Blinken Open Society Archives (OSA) at the Central European University (CEU) in Budapest: Radio Free Europe Information Items Digital Collection, https://catalog.osaarchivum.org/?f[digital_collection][]=RFE%20Information%20Items, accessed 17.07.2020.
  66. Vera and Donald Blinken Open Society Archives (OSA) at the Central European University (CEU), Budapest: RFE Polish Unit Information Items and Correspondence from RFE Field Offices: Berlin News Bureau Slipped Information Items, HU OSA 300-50-11, box 3.
  67. Vera and Donald Blinken Open Society Archives (OSA) at the Central European University (CEU), Budapest: RFE Polish Unit Information Items and Correspondence with RFE Field Office, HU OSA 300-50-11, box 4.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Podobne artykuły

61-70 z 127

Możesz również Rozpocznij zaawansowane wyszukiwanie podobieństw dla tego artykułu.